The defense of the host from foreign pathogens is the commonly accepted function of the
vertebrate immune system. A complex system consisting of many differing cells and structures …

Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a polypeptide hormone produced by macrophages, keratinocytes, and
brain glial cells which acts as a soluble mediator in immunological and inflammatory …

T lymphocyte activation is highlighted by the induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene expression,
which governs much of the early lymphocyte proliferation responses. Peroxisome …

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer stem cells are responsible for tumour
initiation and formation. Using flow cytometry, we isolated a population of CD44+ CD24− …

The niche is the environment in which stem cells reside and is responsible for the maintenance
of unique stem cell properties such as self‐renewal and an undifferentiated state. The …

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that regulates not only immune and inflammatory responses
but also the growth of some tumors, including prostate carcinomas. IL-6 signals through …

JAK family tyrosine kinases have recently been implicated in intracellular signal transduction
by transmembrane cytokine receptors of the interferon (IFN) and hematopoietin receptor …

Abstract Development of metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-induced death. Acquisition
of an invasive tumor cell phenotype suggests loss of cell adhesion and basement …

A strong association exists between states of chronic inflammation and cancer, and it is
believed that mediators of inflammation may be responsible for this phenomenon. Interleukin 6 (…

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is still an incurable disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)
may be an overlooked source of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We …