Background: Despite data suggesting a rising worldwide incidence, intrahepatic
cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) remains an uncommon disease. This study analyzes changes in IHC …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading
cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although the prognosis of patients with HCC is …

We propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis ( AC ) in the Tokyo
Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic …

BACKGROUND Lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor in gallbladder
carcinoma (GBC). The lymph node involvement pattern, extent, and indications for systematic …

BACKGROUND: Complex, highly variable, anatomic relationships in the portal hilum complicate
the surgical management at hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Preoperative three-dimensional (…

Pancreatic cancer remains a highly recalcitrant disease despite the development of
systemic chemotherapies. New treatment options are thus urgently required. Dense stromal …

Background Frozen section analysis of bile duct margins is often used to guide the extent of
surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA), but the usefulness of this practice is …

The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis were globally
disseminated and various clinical studies about the management of acute cholecystitis were …

Liver metastases are commonly detected in a range of malignancies including colorectal
cancer (CRC), pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer and breast cancer, although CRC is …

Although the diagnostic and severity grading criteria on the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines ( TG 13)
are used worldwide as the primary standard for management of acute cholangitis ( AC ), …