Abstract
To clarify the significance of GNAS mutations in cervical tumorigenesis, we performed mutational analyses in a total of 154 lesions and in 22 normal tissues of the uterine cervix. Activating GNAS mutations were found in 8 of the 19 lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasias (LEGH; 42%) and 4 of the 79 endocervical-type mucinous adenocarcinomas (5%) but were never seen in the normal endocervical tissue, minimal deviation adenocarcinomas, endometrioid adenocarcinomas, or squamous cell carcinomas. We further examined the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and p16 expression to probe the relationship between GNAS mutations and HPV infection in LEGHs and carcinomas. All the GNAS-mutated LEGHs were negative for HPV DNA and p16 expression, whereas all the GNAS-mutated adenocarcinomas were positive for HPV DNA and/or p16 expression, implicating GNAS mutations in the development of LEGH and a minor subset of HPV-related cervical adenocarcinomas. Additional mutational analyses of LEGH identified KRAS and STK11 mutations in 1 and 2 cases, respectively. The GNAS, KRAS, and STK11 mutations were mutually exclusive; thus, a total of 11 LEGHs (58%) had 1 of these genetic alterations. Although LEGH has been regarded as a metaplastic lesion, the frequent presence of genetic alterations suggests a neoplastic nature.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / chemistry
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / genetics*
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / pathology
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / virology
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Adult
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Aged
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Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis
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Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics*
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Cell Proliferation*
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Cervix Uteri / chemistry
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Cervix Uteri / pathology*
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Cervix Uteri / virology
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Chromogranins
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / analysis
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DNA Mutational Analysis
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DNA, Viral / isolation & purification
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Female
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GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / genetics*
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests
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Humans
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Hyperplasia
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Immunohistochemistry
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Middle Aged
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Mutation*
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Papillomaviridae / genetics
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Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification
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Phenotype
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / chemistry
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Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / genetics*
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Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / pathology
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Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / virology
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ras Proteins / genetics
Substances
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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Chromogranins
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
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DNA, Viral
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KRAS protein, human
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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STK11 protein, human
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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GNAS protein, human
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GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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ras Proteins