Abstract
This review describes the pathology, prognosis, current treatment options, and future directions for the management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. "Triple-negative" tumors lack expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and HER2. The subtype comprises some 15% of all breast cancers, with tumors of a typically larger size and higher grade. Clinically, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis, and poor overall survival. The standard of care is chemotherapy, although recent research suggests a sound rationale for the use of targeted agents with antitumor and/or antiangiogenic activity such as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Aged
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
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Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis*
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Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Breast Neoplasms / mortality
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology
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Disease-Free Survival
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Female
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Humans
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Middle Aged
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology*
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / physiopathology
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Neoplasm Staging
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / drug therapy
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / metabolism*
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / mortality
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / pathology
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Prognosis
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Receptor, ErbB-2 / metabolism
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Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism
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Receptors, Progesterone / metabolism
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Risk Assessment
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Survival Analysis
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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Receptors, Estrogen
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Receptors, Progesterone
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Receptor, ErbB-2