Cytogenetic findings in 73 osteosarcoma specimens and a review of the literature

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Abstract

Tumor-specific chromosomal abnormalities have been identified in several histologic subtypes of sarcomas. Characterization of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities has provided direction for molecular investigations of pathogenetically important genes. Cytogenetic reports of osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, are relatively rare. In this study, 73 osteosarcoma specimens from 51 patients were cytogenetically analyzed following short-term culture. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 47 and included one haploid specimen, 18 near-diploid specimens, 17 near-triploid, 8 near-tetraploid, 1 near-hexaploid, and 2 specimens with multiple clones of different ploidy levels. Examination of the present data and previously published data (111 clonally abnormal osteosarcoma specimens) reveals that chromosomal bands or regions 1p11-13, 1q10-12, 1q21-22, 11p15, 12p13,17p12-13, 19813, and 22ql1-13 are most frequently rearranged and the most common numerical abnormalities are +1, −9, −10, −13, and −17. Partial or complete loss of the long arm of chromosome 6 also was seen in all cases of the present study and all previously published cases describing structural abnormalities of 6q. Parosteal osteosarcoma, a prognostically favorable osteosarcoma subtype, was characterized by the presence of a ring chromosome accompanied by no or few other abnormalities. Complex karyotypes were seen nearly exclusively in the high-grade lesions. These findings indicate that specific chromosomal bands and/or regions are nonrandomly involved in osteosarcoma and may provide useful clinical information.

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    This was supported in part by the Scott Carter Foundation and Nebraska Department of Health, LB959.

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    The authors would like to thank Bonnie Berndt and Kathy Olin for their expert secreterial assistance and Sarah Swarts, Barbara Mouron, Joanne Degenhardt, Michelle Hess, and Patty Cattano for their expert technical assistance.

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