Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) signaling via the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) regulate multiple aspects of malignancy. The importance of IGF-1R in regulating the malignant phenotype is currently being validated in numerous clinical trials for cancer including breast cancer. This review discusses the regulation of breast cancer metastasis by IGF-1R. IGF-1R stimulates invasion and survival in anchorage independent conditions. The regulation of metastasis independently of tumor growth by IGF-1R is also discussed. Finally, the impact of this on clinical trial design and outcomes, and the need for biomarkers, other than reduction in tumor size, are discussed in light of the fact that inhibition of metastasis is not measured in conventional clinical trial design.
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Abbreviations
- AI:
-
aromatase inhibitor
- DCE-MRI:
-
dynamic-contrast enhanced-MRI
- ER:
-
estrogen receptor
- IGF:
-
insulin-like growth factor
- IGFBPs:
-
IGF binding proteins
- IGF-1R:
-
type I IGF receptor
- IR:
-
insulin receptor
- IRS:
-
insulin receptor substrate
- MAPK:
-
mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMTV:
-
mouse mammary tumor virus
- MRS:
-
magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- PI3K:
-
phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase
- PET:
-
positron emission tomography
- PyV-MT:
-
polyoma virus middle T antigen
- RACK1:
-
scaffolding protein receptor for activated C kinase
- RTK:
-
receptor tyrosine kinases
- SERM:
-
selective estrogen receptor modulator
- SHC:
-
Src-homology containing protein
- WAP:
-
whey acidic protein
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The author thanks Douglas Yee from the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota for his helpful suggestions and review of this article.
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Sachdev, D. Regulation of Breast Cancer Metastasis by IGF Signaling. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 13, 431–441 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-008-9105-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-008-9105-5