Figure 1.
G-Protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling pathways. Upon activation by extracellular ligands, GPCRs can regulate key biological functions, such as cell proliferation, metabolism, secretion, motility, tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis, through signalling pathway mediated by the four G protein α subunits (Gs, Gi, Gq/11, and G12/13).