Abstract
Proteomics, the science of globally detecting proteins in cells, tissues or organisms under defined conditions, has greatly benefited from recent developments in mass spectrometry (MS). It is now possible to detect hundreds to thousands of proteins with high confidence in a single experiment. In this review, the basic MS technologies, currently used by laboratories around the world to identify proteins in complex biological samples, are summarized. Further, a short overview of useful separation strategies to minimize the initial complexity of biological samples, and the multitude of bioinformatics tools essential to manage large-scale proteomics data to obtain meaningful biological insight, is provided. Finally, recent advances in three main areas of medical proteomics are summarized: proteomics in cancer research, proteomics of the heart and proteomics in diabetes research.
Footnotes
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Abbreviations: 1-DE, one-dimensional electrophoresis; 2-DE, two-dimensional electrophoresis; AGE, advanced glycation end-product; CE, capillary electrophoresis; CID, collision-induced dissociation; ESI, electrospray ionization; FT-ICR, Fourier transform ion cyclotron; GO, Gene Ontology; LC, liquid chromatography; MALDI-TOF, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight; MS, mass spectrometry: MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry; MudPIT, multidimensional protein identification technology; PSLT, protein subcellular localization tool; RP, reverse phase; SELDI, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization.
- Received November 28, 2005.
- Accepted December 19, 2005.
- Copyright© 2006 International Institute of Anticaner Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved
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